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    <title>Ou Zhang</title>
    <link>https://ouzhang.me/</link>
    <description>Recent content on Ou Zhang</description>
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    <item>
      <title>RStudio Conference 2019 Notes at Austin</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/resource/rstudio_conf2019/</link>
      <pubDate>Fri, 18 Jan 2019 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/resource/rstudio_conf2019/</guid>
      <description>A RStudio Conference 2019 Notes at Austin</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Quotient ADHD Diagnosis System</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/project/quotient/</link>
      <pubDate>Fri, 20 Oct 2017 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/project/quotient/</guid>
      <description>Quotient ADHD Diagnosis System</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>General Intelligence G-loading</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/project/g-loading/</link>
      <pubDate>Fri, 10 Apr 2015 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/project/g-loading/</guid>
      <description>General Intelligence G-loading</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Outlier Detection</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/resource/outlier/</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 19 Nov 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/resource/outlier/</guid>
      <description>Outlier Detection tutorial and codes</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Parallel Analysis</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/resource/parallel_analysis/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/resource/parallel_analysis/</guid>
      <description>Parallel Analysis tutorial and codes</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Logistic Regression and ROC in SAS</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/resource/logit_sas/</link>
      <pubDate>Wed, 20 Nov 2013 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/resource/logit_sas/</guid>
      <description>Logistic Regression and ROC in SAS</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>My Useful SAS Resources</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/blog/sas-tips/</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 05 Apr 2022 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/blog/sas-tips/</guid>
      <description>Story  Key Programming Talk Key notes  Repo structure Other source on the internet   Hi, I&#39;m the here-bot cat! Use me to find your way in your website.
Here I am: content/blog/2022-04-05-sas -tricks/index.html  Here is my R Markdown source file: blog/2022-04-05-sas -tricks/index.Rmd You&#39;ll want to edit this file, then re-knit to see the changes take effect in your site preview.
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    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>The Evolution Story of My Website</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/blog/blogdown/</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 01 Mar 2022 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/blog/blogdown/</guid>
      <description>This blog intends to display my website evolving path. Meanwhile, it also provides a roadmap for those who want to build website for yourself.</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>9 Join Function Example with the R {dplyr} Package</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/blog/nine-join/</link>
      <pubDate>Wed, 25 Nov 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/blog/nine-join/</guid>
      <description>Simple Example Data Load {dplyr} package Function 1: inner_join Function 2: left_join Function 3: right_join Function 4: full_join Function 5: semi_join Function 6: anti_join Complex Example 1: Join Multiple Data Frames Complex example 2: Join by Multiple Columns Complex example 3: Join Data &amp;amp; Delete ID   Hi, I&#39;m the here-bot cat! Use me to find your way in your website.
Here I am: content/blog/2020-11-25-nine-join/index.html  Here is my R Markdown source file: blog/2020-11-25-nine-join/index.</description>
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    <item>
      <title>Outliers-Part 4:Finding Outliers in a multivariated way</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/blog/outlier-series/outliers-part4/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 16 Nov 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/blog/outlier-series/outliers-part4/</guid>
      <description>Data Source  Variables in Data  Model-specific methods  Cook’s Distance Pareto  Multivariate methods  Mahalanobis Distance  Details about Mahalanobis Distance  Robust Mahalanobis Distance Minimum Covariance Determinant (MCD)  robust tolerance ellipsoid (RTE)  Invariant Coordinate Selection (ICS) OPTICS Isolation Forest Local Outlier Factor  ‘check_outliers’ function in {performance} R package  Threshold specification  Reference   Hi, I&#39;m the here-bot cat! Use me to find your way in your website.</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Outliers-Part 3:Outliers in Regression</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/blog/outlier-series/outliers-part3/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Nov 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/blog/outlier-series/outliers-part3/</guid>
      <description>Types of Unusual Observations  Regression Outliers Leverage Influential Observations Good vs. Bad Leverage  Detecting Influential Observations  Graphic diagnostics  A scatter plot with Confidence Ellipse Quantile Comparison Plots (QQ-Plot)  Rule of Thumb  Added-variable plots  Numerical diagnostics  Hat Matrix  Rule of Thumb  Standardized Residuals  Rule of Thumb  Studentized Residuals  Rule of Thumb Studentized Residuals-the Bonferroni adjustment  DFBeta and DFBetas  Rule of thumb  Robust Distance Mahalanobis Distance  Rule of Thumb  Cook’s Distance  Rule of Thumb  DFITS  Rule of Thumb    Summary   Hi, I&#39;m the here-bot cat!</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Outliers-Part 2:Finding Outliers in a univariated way</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/blog/outlier-series/outliers-part2/</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 03 Nov 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/blog/outlier-series/outliers-part2/</guid>
      <description>Method 1: Sorting Your Datasheet to Find Outliers Method 2: Graphing Your Data to Identify Outliers  Histogram Boxplot  Adjusted boxplot (Hubert and Vandervieren, 2008)   Method 3: Using Z-scores to Detect Outliers  Z-Score pros: Z-Score cons:  Method 4: Using the Interquartile Range (IRQ) to Create Outlier Fences Method 5: Percentiles  scores function from {outliers} packages  Method 6: Hampel filter Method 7: Finding Outliers with Hypothesis Tests  Grubbs’ test Dixon’s test Rosner’s test Challenges of Using Outlier Hypothesis Tests: Masking and Swamping    Hi, I&#39;m the here-bot cat!</description>
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    <item>
      <title>Outliers-Part 1:Causes, Philosophy and General Rules</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/blog/outlier-series/outliers-part1/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 02 Nov 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/blog/outlier-series/outliers-part1/</guid>
      <description>What are Outliers? Causes for Outliers Types of Outliers Philosophy about Finding Outliers General Rules   Hi, I&#39;m the here-bot cat! Use me to find your way in your website.
Here I am: content/blog/outlier-series/01-Outliers-part1/index.html  Here is my R Markdown source file: blog/outlier-series/01-Outliers-part1/index.Rmd You&#39;ll want to edit this file, then re-knit to see the changes take effect in your site preview.
 To remove me, delete this line inside that file: {{&amp;lt; here &amp;gt;}}</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Introducing Tidyverse-Part 2: %&gt;%, the Forward Chaining</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/blog/2020-05-22-pipe-forward-chaining/</link>
      <pubDate>Fri, 22 May 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/blog/2020-05-22-pipe-forward-chaining/</guid>
      <description>Figure 1: Pipe Operator  Hi, I&#39;m the here-bot cat! Use me to find your way in your website.
Here I am: content/blog/2020-05-22-pipe-forward-chaining/index.html  Here is my R Markdown source file: blog/2020-05-22-pipe-forward-chaining/index.Rmd You&#39;ll want to edit this file, then re-knit to see the changes take effect in your site preview.
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My content section is: blog  My layout is: single-sidebar  Images in this page bundle: /blog/2020-05-22-pipe-forward-chaining/featured.</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Introducing Tidyverse-Part 1:Tidy Data</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/blog/tidy-data/</link>
      <pubDate>Sat, 09 May 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/blog/tidy-data/</guid>
      <description>What is Tidy data？ Why is it important? Fixed variable vs. Measured variable Is such a data set tidy?  Example 1: Example 2: Example 3: Code Examples  Traditional measurement testing dataset   Hi, I&#39;m the here-bot cat! Use me to find your way in your website.
Here I am: content/blog/2020-05-09-tidy-data/index.html  Here is my R Markdown source file: blog/2020-05-09-tidy-data/index.Rmd You&#39;ll want to edit this file, then re-knit to see the changes take effect in your site preview.</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Comparing norming methods performance under violation of the assumptions</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2020-ncme-norm/</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2020-ncme-norm/</guid>
      <description></description>
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    <item>
      <title>Impacts of human communication network topology on group optimism bias in Capital Project Planning: a human-subject experiment</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2019-human-network/</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2019-human-network/</guid>
      <description></description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Parallel Analysis: Determining the Dimensionality of Data</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/blog/parallel-analysis-determining-the-dimensionality-of-data/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 13 Apr 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/blog/parallel-analysis-determining-the-dimensionality-of-data/</guid>
      <description>window.xaringanExtraClipboard(null, {&#34;button&#34;:&#34; Copy Code&#34;,&#34;success&#34;:&#34; Copied!&#34;,&#34;error&#34;:&#34;Press Ctrl+C to Copy&#34;})  WHAT IS PARALLEL ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY PARALLEL ANALYSIS IN R   Recently, my colleague asked me to review a state assessment tech report. In the tech report, a section-“Parallel Analysis” really caught my eyes.
I have done parallel analysis multiple times in the past. However, I have never thought about this topic in a systematical way. It is always a good memory refreshing opportunity.</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Fight with TinyTex and Rmarkdown can&#39;t knit to PDF on my PC</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/blog/fight-with-tinytex-and-rmarkdown-can-t-knit-to-pdf-on-my-pc/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 23 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/blog/fight-with-tinytex-and-rmarkdown-can-t-knit-to-pdf-on-my-pc/</guid>
      <description>Hi, I&#39;m the here-bot cat! Use me to find your way in your website.
Here I am: content/blog/2020-02-23-fight-with-tinytex-and-rmarkdown-can-t-knit-to-pdf-on-my-pc/index.html  Here is my R Markdown source file: blog/2020-02-23-fight-with-tinytex-and-rmarkdown-can-t-knit-to-pdf-on-my-pc/index.Rmd You&#39;ll want to edit this file, then re-knit to see the changes take effect in your site preview.
 To remove me, delete this line inside that file: {{&amp;lt; here &amp;gt;}}
My content section is: blog  My layout is: single-sidebar  Images in this page bundle: /blog/fight-with-tinytex-and-rmarkdown-can-t-knit-to-pdf-on-my-pc/featured.</description>
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    <item>
      <title>Soccer Game</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/blog/soccer-game/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 16 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/blog/soccer-game/</guid>
      <description>San Antonio Sunday Soccer League Game with my son</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>First blog and some words</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/blog/first-blog-and-some-words/</link>
      <pubDate>Fri, 14 Feb 2020 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/blog/first-blog-and-some-words/</guid>
      <description>Yihui Xie Keith McNulty David Robinson Useful links   This is the first blog I created after I put my personal website online. This is the second time I’ve built my personal website. Last time, when I built my first one, I was still in graduate school fighting for my dissertation.
It seems like a Déjà vu, but two websites serve as two different purposes. My first website was mainly used for advertising and job hunting.</description>
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    <item>
      <title>VBA and DDE automated way to populate table into formatted Excel</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/talk/2019-dde-vba/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 15 Apr 2019 14:00:01 -0700</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/talk/2019-dde-vba/</guid>
      <description>VBA + DDE: automated way to populate table into formatted Excel</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Contact</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/contact/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 25 Feb 2019 13:38:41 -0600</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/contact/</guid>
      <description>** Contact page don&amp;rsquo;t contain a body, just the front matter above. See form.html in the layouts folder.
Formspree requires a (free) account and new form to be set up. The link is made on the final published url in the field: Restrict to Domain. It is possible to register up to 2 emails free and you can select which one you want the forms to go to within Formspree in the Settings tab.</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Write Readable Code</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/talk/2018-readable_code/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 22 Jul 2018 14:00:01 -0700</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/talk/2018-readable_code/</guid>
      <description>Write readable code: Simple and Practical Techniques for Better Statistical Programming.</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>How much can we gain from collateral information for subscore reporting?</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2017-ncme-subscore/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 17 Apr 2017 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2017-ncme-subscore/</guid>
      <description></description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Factor invariance between genders on the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fifth Edition</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2015-mi-wisc5/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 15 Nov 2015 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2015-mi-wisc5/</guid>
      <description></description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Cross-Cultural Measurement Equivalence of the WISC5</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2015-apa-mi-wisc5/</link>
      <pubDate>Fri, 17 Jul 2015 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2015-apa-mi-wisc5/</guid>
      <description></description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>A comparison of clinical classification accuracy using CDM and MIRT</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2015-ncme-cdm/</link>
      <pubDate>Sat, 18 Apr 2015 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2015-ncme-cdm/</guid>
      <description></description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Measurement Invariance-A Theoretical Framework in CFA</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/talk/2014-measurement_invariance/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 21 Sep 2014 14:00:01 -0700</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/talk/2014-measurement_invariance/</guid>
      <description>A brief introduction of the measurement invariance theory framework</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Item Pool Design for Constrained CAT with Non-standard Normal Distributions</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2014-ncme-cat/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 18 May 2014 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2014-ncme-cat/</guid>
      <description></description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Performance Comparisons Between Parametric and Nonparametric DIF Methods</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2014-aera-dif/</link>
      <pubDate>Sat, 17 May 2014 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2014-aera-dif/</guid>
      <description></description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>A Comparison of Parameter Recovery Using different Computer Programs and R-Packages in Estimating the Graded Response Model</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2014-aera-irt/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 12 May 2014 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2014-aera-irt/</guid>
      <description></description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>WPPSI-IV Interpretive Assistant 1.0 Interpretive software accompanying S. E. Raiford &amp; D. L. Coalson</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2014-wppsi-book/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 17 Mar 2014 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2014-wppsi-book/</guid>
      <description></description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Observed Score and True Score Equating for Multidimensional Item Response Theory under Nonequivalent Anchor Test Design</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2013-ncme-mirt/</link>
      <pubDate>Thu, 18 Apr 2013 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2013-ncme-mirt/</guid>
      <description></description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Multi-dimensional Item Response Theory</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/talk/2012-mirt/</link>
      <pubDate>Wed, 03 Oct 2012 14:00:01 -0700</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/talk/2012-mirt/</guid>
      <description>A brief introduction of the Multi-dimensional Item Response Theory</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>R &amp; RStudio Introduction</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/talk/2012-r_intro/</link>
      <pubDate>Tue, 02 Oct 2012 14:00:01 -0700</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/talk/2012-r_intro/</guid>
      <description>A brief introduction of the R and RStudio</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Detecting Differential Item Functioning in Polytomously Scored Items: A Multilevel Approach to the Generalized MantelHaenszel</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2011-ncme-dif/</link>
      <pubDate>Sun, 24 Apr 2011 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2011-ncme-dif/</guid>
      <description></description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>How Subgroup Characteristics Effect Equating Methods’ Academic Growth Detection?</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2011-ncme-subgroup/</link>
      <pubDate>Sat, 23 Apr 2011 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2011-ncme-subgroup/</guid>
      <description></description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>A Model Evaluation When Association Exists Between Testlets under Small Testlet Size Situations</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2011-ncme-testlet/</link>
      <pubDate>Fri, 22 Apr 2011 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/publication/2011-ncme-testlet/</guid>
      <description></description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>Contributors</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/contributors/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/contributors/</guid>
      <description>Thank you to all the folks who have contributed both technical and creative skills to this project:
   Desirée De Leon 🦒 (designed 5 of the custom color themes, made illustrations for the workshop, and provided general aesthetic feedback along the way)
   Garrick Aden-Buie 🧙‍♀️ (debugged headroom.js and lent his panelset.js code to the theme)
   Allison Horst 🐕 (awesome illustrations of campfires, seedlings, and evergreens, as well as my R Markdown hedgehog mascot 🦔)</description>
    </item>
    
    <item>
      <title>License</title>
      <link>https://ouzhang.me/license/</link>
      <pubDate>Mon, 01 Jan 0001 00:00:00 +0000</pubDate>
      
      <guid>https://ouzhang.me/license/</guid>
      <description>My blog posts are released under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
  </description>
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